Fabric testing machine



` April 27, 1937- J* v. MAGASH 2,078,259

FABRIC TESTING MACHINE Filed Jan. 9, 1955 4 Sheets-Sheet l i .5:2 4,- Z6zNVENToR.

Mwd 8% ATTO NEY April 27, 1937. J. v. MAGASH FABRIC TESTING MACHINEFiled Jan. 9, 1955 4 Shee'lZIS--Sheefl 2 W INVET-R. BY

ATTORNEY J. V. MAGASH FABRIC TESTING MACHINE 4 Sheets-Sheet 5 April 27,1937.

Filed Jan. 9, 1955 INVENTOR.

Apr-il 27, 1937. J. v. MAGASH f 2,078,259

FABRIC TESTING MACHINE Filed Jan. 9, 1935 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 INVENTOR.

Patented Apr. 27, 1937 UNITED STATES PATENT oEFlcE FABRIC TESTINGMACHINE Julius Victor Magash, Wallington, N. J. Application January 9,1935, Serial No. 938

11 Claims.

This invention relates to a novel and improved form of fabric testingmachine, more particularly one for testing cloth. The novel featureswill be best understood from the following description andthe annexeddrawings, in which I have shown a selected embodiment of the inventionand in which:

Fig. 1 is a plan view of the selected embodiment;

Fig.'2 is an elevation of the apparatus appearing in Fig. 1 as Viewedfrom the bottom of that figure;

Fig. 3 is a View on 'an enlarged scale showing one of the unitsappearing in Fig. 1, this view being-taken on the same plane as Fig. 1,but parts being broken away and other parts being shown in section pFig. 4 is a view approximately on the line 4--4 of Fig. 3, parts beingshown in section;

Fig. 5-is a View approximately on the line 5--5 of Fig. 3;

Fig. 6 is a yView partly in elevation and partly in section showing oneof the dash-pots appearing in Figs. 1, 3, 4, and 5;

Fig. 7 is a detailed `view taken approximately on the line 'l-- of Fig.3;

Fig. 8 is a View corresponding to Fig. 3 but showing the parts in adifferent relation to each other;

Fig. 9 is a view approximately on the line 9 9 of Fig. 3.

The machine may comprise any number of units, each unit being adapted totest a piece of cloth or other material. In the selected embodi- 35'ment, I have shown four such units designated generally by the numeralsI, 2, 3, and 4.

Referring particularly to Figs. 3, 4, and 5, it will be seen that theunit I comprises a pair of arc-shaped supports 5'and 6 having broad sur-40* faces facing each other, upon which surfaces may be secured testpieces 'I' and 8. The arcs are so arranged that they will contact witheach other, as plainly indicated. The arcs form parts of supports havingspokes 9 secured to hubs I0,

which are shown as being clamped by nuts II onto cone-shaped spindles I2and I3.

The spindle I2 is rotatably mounted in a bearing, designated generallyat I4, in a bracket I5 secured in fixed position upon the frame I6 ofthe machine, as by a bolt I'I. The bearing I4 may be of any suitabletype, although preferably it is a ball or roller bearing, as plainlyindicated in Fig. 5, so as to permit free rotation of the spindle on thebracket.

The arcV 5 is rockedback and forth between the positions shown in Figs.3 and 8, by rotation of the spindle I2, and this rocking may be causedby means which I shall now describe. The spindle I2 is shown asextending through the bearing I4, and beneath the bearing is providedwith a hub IB having an arm I9 extending outwardly therefrom, as bestshown in Fig. 5. 'Ihis arm carries a pivot pin 2B passing through a head2l of a link 22 which at its other end has a head 23 through whichpasses a pivot pin 24, which likewise passes through an arm 25 on a hub26 secured in fixed position on the lower end of the bolt I1.

The same hub has a second arm 2l thereon which, with the arm 25, forms abell crank lever. This arm 2l has a pivot pin 28 which connects it to alink 29 which has its other end provided with a head 36 through whichpasses the pivot pin 3I connecting the head with the arm 32 of a bellcrank lever mounted upon the spindle 33 upon which is pivotally mounteda bracket 34 by suitable bearings, here shown as ball bearings.

Upon the end of the bracket 34 is rotatably mounted the spindle I3,preferably in ball or roller bearings, and this spindle receives the hub35 carrying the arc 6. The hub may be secured to the spindle by the nut36 corresponding to the nut I I. In short, the arc 6 may be secured toits spindle in the same way as the arc 5 is secured to its spindle, andfurther detail description thereof would be a mere duplication. 'I'hespindle carrying the hub 35 has mounted on its lower end a hub havingoppositely extending arms 31 and 38 pivotally connected by links 39 and40 to oppositely extending arms 4I and 42 on the hub 43 upon which thearm 32 is also mounted.

'Ihe hub 26 is rocked by movement of a rod 44 pivotally connected to anarm 45 on the hub 26 and secured at its other end (Fig. 1) to a crankarm 46 on a shaft 41 which may be rotated by any suitable means, hereexemplified as a pulley 48 operated by a belt 49 from a second pulley 5Bwhich in turn is operated by a motor 5I through a reduction gearing ofany suitable kind. indicated at 52]l Each arc is provided with means forclamping a piece of cloth or other` material to be tested in contactwith the outer surface. Such a means is best shown in Fig. 7 in the formof a yoke 53 having opposite legs 54 secured to an enlarged spoke 9' asby screws. The body portion 55 of the yoke extends across the arc andhas threaded therein adjustment screws 56 which are adapted to force aplate 51 against a piece of cloth 58 and thus force that cloth againstthe surface of the arc.

From the above description it will be seen that when it is desired totest cloth or other material, all that is necessary is to clamp twopieces of material on the arcs 5 and 6, respectively, and then turn onthe motor 5I. The result will be an actuation of the crank arm 4S toreciprocate the rod 44 and thus to rock the hub 26 and the armsconnected thereto. The arc 5 will be rocked back and forth by means ofthe link 22, and the arc 6 will likewise be rocked back and forth by thelink 29.

These arcs will always move in opposite directions, as will be apparent.For example, when the arc 5 is moving in the direction of the arrow.shown thereon in Fig. 3, the arc 6 will be moving in the direction ofthe arrow shown thereon in that same ligure, and the result will be arubbing of the pieces of material on the two arcs throughout the extentof movement of those arcs. It will be seen that the two arcs are tangentto each other, and therefore the test pieces contact over a small area,practically on a line contact. As the two arcs move in oppositedirections, the contacting areas are progressively changing, althoughthere is an area of substantially constant size on one piece in contactwith an equal area on the other piece.

The result will be that during each movement of the arcs, the entirecontacting surfaces will be subjected to a uniform wearing action. Eachpart of each contacting surface will have the same amount of wearingaction as every other part, and therefore a much better test will beprovided than in prior art devices where certain areas of a test piecearesubjected to greater wearing action than others.

The extent of the wearing surface may be varied as found desirable, bothcircumferentially of the arcs and transversely thereof, although for thepurposes of illustration I have shown an arrangement where the wearingsurfaces of the test pieces extend through an arc of considerably lessthan 180. It is to be understood, however, that this arrangement is onlyillustrative of one form which the invention may take.

I have described above an arrangement for operating one unit, namely,that designated I in Fig. 1. Unit 2 may be operated by means of a rod 59pivotally secured to the head 3i] of the link 29 and also secured to abell crank lever 6I) on unit 2. This bell crank lever corresponds tothat formed by the arms and 2'I of unit I, and operates the arcs 52 and52 in a manner similar to that in which the arcs 5 and 6 are operated.

The unit 3 may be operated by the rod 6I pivotally connected to the head2| of the link 22 and pivotally connected at its other end to a bellcrank lever 62 on the unit 3. This bell crank lever is in turn connectedby a rod 63 to a bell crank lever 64 upon unit 4. By these connections,the arcs 53 and 63 and the arcs 54 and 64 are operated in the samemanner as the arcs 5 and 6.

While I have shown the invention as applied to four different units, itis of course to be understood that suitable and similar connections canbe made to any number of units which it is desired to operate at onetime.

Referring again to Figs. 3, 4, and 5, and alsol to Fig. 6, it will beseen that the bracket I5 is rigidly fixed on the frame I6, whereas thebracket 34 is mounted to rotate thereon. This arrange- ,Y ment is founddesirable so that the arc I6 may be moved away from the arc 5 to permitinsertion of the test pieces of material. Another advantage of thisarrangement is that test pieces of various thicknesses can be used uponthe one piece of apparatus by simply swinging the bracket 34.

In order to resiliently hold the bracket 34 in place so that the piecesof test material will be held in contact with each other and so as toprevent chattering of the apparatus from any cause, I have provided adash-pot 65 with each unit. This dash-pot comprises the usual cylinderhaving therein the piston 66 connected to a piston rod 61 pivotallyconnected at its upper end to a two-armed bell crank lever 68 having itsother f arm pivotally connected to a rod 69. The hub 'IU of the bellcrank lever 68, as best shown in Fig. 3, is fast upon the bracket I5,more particularly upon the bearing I4 of that bracket. The rod 69 ispivotally connected to an ear 1I upon the bracketv 34 and moreparticularly upon the bearing for the spindle supporting the arc 6.Weights 61 may be added or taken olf, according to the material beingtested.

A suitable liquid, such as oil, is placed in the dash-pot 65 and thusany inequalities in the materials on the arcs 5 and 6 may be compensatedfor by movement of the bracket 34 on the spindle 33, and that movementwill be damped by the action of the dash-pot so that any violentmovement is prevented.

The apparatus may include a suitable counting mechanism which willrecord the number of reciprocations of the various. supports. Since allof the different units are operated from one source in the selectedembodiment, one counting mechanism may be used, which is indicated at 12(Figs. 1, 2, and 5) and which may be operated by a plunger 13, likewiseappearing in Figs. 3 and 8 and which, as best shown in Fig. 8, is hit bythe arm 25 at one end of the reciprocation of that arm. Since thedetails of the counting mechanism are not important, they will not bediscussed further.

While I have shown the invention as embodied in a specic form, it is tobe understood that various changes in details may be made withoutdeparting from the scope of the invention, as defined by the appendedclaims.

I claim:

1. A testing machine comprising two supports, one rotatably mounted on apivot and having a face disposed on an arc concentric with said pivot,the second support being movably mounted and having a face adjacent theface on the first support, means for securing test piecesI of cloth tosaid faces, said pieces normally being in contact with each other whenthus secured and the area of contact being small, and means forreciprocating said supports in opposite directions to cause said testpieces to rub against -each other in said opposite directions overcontinually changing small areas, and means to maintain uniform pressurebetween said contacting areas during said reciprocating movements.

2. A testing machine comprising two supports, one rotatably mounted on apivot and having a face disposed on an arc cencentric with said pivot,the second support being movably mounted and having a face adjacent theface on the first support, means for securing test pieces of cloth tosaid faces, said pieces normally being in contact with each other whenthus secured and the area of contact being small, and means forreciprocating said supports in opposite directions to cause said testpieces to rub against each other in said opposite directions overcontinually changing small areas, the reciprocations of the two supportsbeing equal in extent, whereby equal total arcas of the test pieces arerubbed, and means to maintain uniform pressure between said contactingareas during said reciprocating movements.

3. A testing machine comprising two supports rotatably mounted onparallel pivots and each having a face disposed on an arc concentricwith its pivot, means for securing test pieces of cloth to said faces,said pieces normally being in contact with each other when thus secured,and means for reciprocating said supports on their pivots to cause saidpieces to move in opposite directions and equal distances, said arcuateconstruction of said faces causing uniform pressure between thecontacting pieces on said faces.

Ll. A testing machine comprising two supports rotatably mounted onparallel pivots and each having a face disposed on an arc concentricwith its pivot, means for securing test pieces of cloth to said faces,said pieces normally being in contact with each other when thus secured,means for reciprocating said supports on their pivots to cause saidpieces to move in opposite directions and equal distances, a bracketmounted upon a pivot and receiving the pivot of one of said supports,and means yieldingly holding said pieces in contact.

5. A testing machine comprising a frame, a support rotatably mounted ona bearing in said frame and having a face disposed on an arc concentricwith said bearing, a bracket rotatably mounted on said frame, a secondsupport rotatably mounted on a bearing in said bracket and having a facedisposed on an arc concentric with its bearing, means for securing testpieces of cloth to said faces, said pieces normally being in contactwith each other when thus secured, means to reciprocate said supports ontheir bearings to cause said pieces to move in opposite directions andequal distances, and means yieldingly acting on said bracket to hold thepieces in contact.

6. A testing machine comprising a frame, a support rotatably mounted ona bearing in said frame and having a face disposed on an arc concentricwith said bearing, a bracket rotatably mounted on said frame, a secondsupport rotatably mounted on a bearing in said bracket and having a facedisposed on an arc concentric with its bearing, means for securing testpieces of cloth to said faces, said pieces normally being in contactwith each other when thus secured, a crank shaft having a crank armthereon, an arm secured to each of said brackets and extending outwardlyfrom their bearings, connections from said last-named arms to said crankarm, whereby operation of the crank arm will reciprocate said supportson their bearings, and means yeldingly acting on said bracket to holdthe pieces in contact.

7. A testing machine comprising a frame, a support rotatably mounted ona bearing in said frame and having a face disposed on an arc concentricwith said bearing, a bracket rotatably mounted on said frame, a secondsupport rotatably mounted on a bearing in said bracket and having a facedisposed on an arc concentric with its bearing, means for securing testpieces of cloth to said faces, said pieces normally being in contactwith each other when thus secured, a crank shaft having a crank armthereon, an arm on said first-named support and extending outwardly fromits bearing, two oppositely disposed arms on said second-named supportand extending outwardly from its bearing, connections from said crankarm to said arms on said supports, whereby operation of the crank shaftwill reciprocate said supports, and means yieldingly acting on saidbracket to hold the pieces in contact.

8. A testing machine comprising two supports having faces adjacent eachother, means for securing test pieces of cloth to said faces, said facesbeing so formed that said pieces contact with each other over smallareas on each piece. means for moving said faces relatively to eachother in opposite directions and for causing successive small portionsof a predetermined area on one piece to contact with and rub againstsuccessive equal small portions of an equal predetermined area on theother piece, and means for maintaining a uniform pressure between saidpieces during said movement.

9. A testing machine comprising two supports having faces adjacent eachother, means for securing test pieces of cloth to said faces. said facesbeing so formed that said pieces contact with each other over smallareas on each piece,

. means for moving said faces back and forth relatively to each other inopposite directions and for causing successive small portions of apredetermined area on one piece to contact with and rub back and forthagainst successive equal small portions of an equal predetermined areaon the other piece, and means for maintaining a uniform pressure betweensaid pieces during said movement.

10. A testing machine comprising two supports rotatably mounted onparallel pivots and each having a face disposed on an arc concentricwith its pivot, means for securing test pieces of cloth to said faces,said pieces normally being in contact with each other when thus secured,means for reciprocating said supports on their pivots to cause saidpieces to move in opposite directions and equal distances, said arcuateconstruction of said faces causing uniform pressure between thecontacting pieces on said faces, and means yieldingly urging saidsupports towards each other to yieldingly hold said pieces in contact.

11. A testing machine comprising two supports having faces adjacent eachother, means for securing test pieces of cloth to said faces, said facesbeing so formed that said pieces contact with each other over smallareas on each piece, means for moving said faces back and forthrelatively to each other in opposite directions and for causingsuccessive small portions of a predetermined area on one piece tocontact with and rub back and forth against successive equal smallportions of an equal predetermined area on the other piece, means formaintaining a uniform pressure between said pieces during said movement,and means yieldingly urging said supports towards each other toyieldingly hold said pieces in contact.

JULIUS VICTOR MAGASH.

